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Starting with Chomsky’s early theory of a (logical) universal language and an idealistic approach of language independent thinking, the problem of appropriate translations is none, because we can go back to universal structures of thought in order to communicate: languages are just means to express these thoughts. Analytic philosphy of language usually dealt with the analysis of one single language; comparative research is missing in most cases, and only in our time they pay attention to the problem of translation. Regarding very diverse grammatical categories of different languages (for instance languages without subject or copula) and the corresponding language worlds and culturally different ways of thought Whorf’s linguistic relativism is taken into account anew. Language anthropology, linguistics and language sciences show by examples, how by grammatical and conceptual categories languages seize the world in different ways and form different ways of thought. Appropriate translations from this point of view seem impossible, in translations necessarily something gets lost. But most of us think in only one, namely their mother tongue, and one is often inclined to hold these categories to be universal. Acc. to Wittgenstein it is the different - language inherent - forms of life and language contexts that create meaning and have to be considered if we want to understand sentences. Without deeper knowledge appropriate trans-lation into other cultures and language inherent thought is hardly possible, if we regard the diversity of (culturally dependent) language contexts. But from Humboldt to Derrida language philosophers and linguists have have tried to cope with alternative ways of speaking in order to open them up for understanding. It was John Locke, who, after ancient and medieval endeavours, in his “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”, brought about the problem of appropriate translations, for instance concerning traditional texts and meaning transformations of concepts. But in times of globalization this problem does not only refer to the understanding of texts of former times, but it is central for intercultural understanding. It is conspicuous though that most conceptions of intercultural communication do not take into account at all the problem of different language structures and presuppose that there will be appropriate translations. This is why this conference shall deal with “linguistic diversity” from the viewpoint of intercultural hermeneutics and reflect the problem of appropriate translations. Can we understand diverse language worlds, and if yes, how and why?