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Over the past two decades, due to their high strength, light weight, non-magnetic and non-corrosive properties and good fatigue endurance, fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) have found increasing use as materials for a wide range of applications. Basalt fibers (BFs), as one of the newest types of fiber materials, have attracted increasing attention and usage due to their advantageous cost performance and environment- friendly feature that make them comparable or superior to other fibers such as carbon fibers, or glass fibers. Nowadays, BF research, production and marketing efforts are principally based in some countries such as China, Japan, Russia and Ukraine. In addition, a series of research programs on BF have been conducted in the USA, South Korea, and some countries in EU (e.g., Austria and Germany) and Australia. Moreover, there has been a growth and emergence of a viable and respected community of research scientists, engineers, and industry who have contributed to the development of BFRP and its applications. More than 50 manufactures of BF have been established in China.