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The 9th International Symposium ‘Steppes of Northern Eurasia’ 7 - 11 June 2021, Orenburg, Russian Federation The Ninth International Symposium ‘Steppes of Northern Eurasia’ is dedicated to solving current problems in the field of steppe nature management, studying and preserving the landscape and biological diversity of the Eurasian steppe landscapes, where the most acute problem is organization of steppe reserves and other steppe protected areas. International symposia ‘Steppes of Northern Eurasia’ are a kind of brand of the Steppe Institute, which research team, under the leadership of Academician Alexander Chibilev, has laid the theoretical foundations of Steppe Science, advanced the concept of steppe landscapes, created a powerful information database, combined the work of centers for the study of steppe complexes both in Russia and abroad. The steppe symposia showed that in addition to the unique natural heritage, steppes have a unique spiritual and technological heritage, the role and significance of which in the fate of Eurasia are fully reflected at the symposium in the reports of steppe scientists. A wide representation of landscape scientists, geographers, ecologists, botanists, zoologists, soil scientists from scientific organizations and universities in Russia and abroad, as well as participation in the forum of scientific youth, indicates the wide interest of domestic and foreign scientists in further development of steppe science, in urgent issues of studying and preserving landscape and biological diversity of the steppe biome in the 21th century. Overall participant numbers 1. Рlenary session (key speakers) — 7 2. Current issues of modern steppe natural resource use and conservation of natural and historical and cultural heritage — 14 3. Genesis, natural evolution and modern structure of steppe landscapes and landscape components — 18 4. Biological diversity of steppe regions and their conservation issues — 37 5. Ecological-hydrological and water management aspects of steppe nature management under a changing climate — 16 6. Development of methodology for assessing the ecological state of landscapes under the influence of various anthropogenic factors. Current environmental issues — 16 7. Socio-economic, natural resource, tourist and recreational potential of the steppe regions. Challenges and prospects for sustainable development of border territories — 8 Having heard and considered the represented reports, participants noted that steppe conservation in a line of regions was exacerbated due to the current economic situation in the country and not always ecological approaches in the rural politics of the state. Also, threats to forfeit the steppe were strengthened due to extensive agriculture and plowing of old-fallow and virgin lands. Broadening of a network of local and federal steppe specially protected natural area (SPNA) happened by a low rate, and high parameters