ИСТИНА

Actual problem of assessment of ecological damage caused by pollution and land degradation was considered at the farm level: a pilot farm of Lomonosov Moscow State University called "Chashnikovo". There are various techniques for determining of damage caused to soils and lands, which were developed for separate subjects: Moscow City and Russian Federation in general, and separately for different types of the impact (pollution and degradation) on soils and lands. Determination of damage caused by pollution, degradations and wasting of the land plots, in particular, is one of type of an ecology-economics assessment of lands. The value of damage can be counted proceeding from costs of work on restoration of the polluted, degraded and wasted lands. The assessment could be made using the existing quotations of different types of recovery works, such as movement and warehousing of soil, or calculating the value of damage using the existing techniques. The level of pollution and extent of degradation were calculated based on the results of analyzes of chemical and physical properties of soils, including the comparison of these properties to the ecological standards ranged on 5 mark scale. The value of damage caused to soils and lands by pollution and degradation was calculated using various Russian techniques at the farm level. For each of techniques the advantages and shortcomings were revealed: for example, the ungrounded provenance of tariffs (rates) for pollution, degradation and wasting of soils and lands. The received values of damage were compared with the cost of remediation for the studied area.