ИСТИНА

Introduction: Given the prevalence of sleep problems in young children (Byars et al., 2012) and their negative consequences on the development and psychological adjustment having access to appropriate diagnosis and treatment is crucial. However, in many countries including Russia sleep disorders remains underdiagnosed (Owens et al., 2004) partially due to lack of assessment instruments. The aim of this study was to validate Russian version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) (Owens et al., 2000). Materials and methods: 125 children, ages 5-13 years old (54 females, mean age 8.34±2.38 years) and their parents participated in the study. Children were interviewed about their sleep quality using Sleep Self-Report (SSR; Owens et al., 2000) while their parents (114 females, age 26-56) completed CSHQ and checklists measuring their child's sleep vulnerability (12 reasons for their child's disturbances: “To what degree the sleep of your child is disturbed by… stress, strong emotions etc. ”) and emotional reactivity to the lack of sleep (7 negative emotional reactions: “If slept less than enough my child becomes more… anxious, sad etc.”). Cronbach's alphas for checklists were .82 and .74. Results: Russian version of CSHQ demonstrated acceptable to good reliability. Cronbach's alpha was .78 for the whole questionnaire and varied from .57 for the Night Wakings subscale to .91 for the Sleep Disordered Breathing subscale. Item that measured sleepiness while riding a car (#33) was excluded from the analysis due to inconsistency with the subscale (not as frequent situation for many Russian families as for Americans). As a result, Cronbach's alpha of the Daytime Sleepiness subscale increased from .65 to .73. Cronbach's alpha for SSR was .83. Parent-reported bedtime resistance, longer sleep onset, higher sleep anxiety, frequent night awakes, parasomnias and daytime sleepiness correlated with sleep disturbances reported by children (r=.27-.38, p< .01) and further supported validity of CSHQ. Children who didn't like to go to sleep were perceived by parents as having higher bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety and more awakenings during the night. Bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety and night wakings correlated with higher sleep vulnerability and stronger emotional response to insufficient sleep (r=.21-.33, p< .05) while daytime sleepiness and parasomnias correlated with sleep vulnerability (r=.26-.29, p< .05). Sleep in Russian children was assessed as poorer than in their American counterparts based on most scales, except for parasomnias and sleep disordered breathing (p< .05, eta=.25-.76 with the highest difference in daytime sleepiness). Older children had less sleep problems related to bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety, night wakings, disordered breathing and parasomnias (r=-.32 - -.21, p< .05). No gender differences were found. Conclusions: Results support the reliability and validity of Russian version of the CSHQ and demonstrate the importance of studying sleep in Russian children due to high prevalence of sleep problems. Further research is needed to explore sleep problems across the various clinical settings , and to evaluate CSHQ's applicability to the assessment and treatment of sleep disorders in Russian population of children and adolescents. Acknowledgements: Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 17-06-00363