ИСТИНА

The report analyzes quantitative aspects of the formation of layered soil constructions for sustainable greening of urban areas under high anthropogenic loads and irrigation farming under arid conditions. Technological design of these constructions is based on modeling energy and mass fluxes in soil systems with the use of HYDRUS-1D software. Technological approaches for the application of natural (peat, sapropel, humates) and synthetic (strongly swelling hydrogels) polymer materials into different soil layers with the aim to increase the soil water capacity, protect the soils from secondary salinization and contamination with water-soluble pollutants, and improve the resistance of these materials toward biological destruction are discussed. It is shown that the creation of layered soils with gravelly (crushed stones) and organic matter layers may be an efficient method to rise the soil water retention capacity and protect the soil from secondary salinization and technogenic pollution. The tests of the layered soil constructions in some countries of the Persian Gulf (O.A.E., Bahrain, Qatar) and in Moscow megacity have proved their high efficiency. The productivity of green plantations can be increased by 1.5–2 times owing to the increased efficiency of water consumption and protection of the root zone from soluble salts under conditions of the natural or technogenic salinization (contamination).