ИСТИНА

In our recent studies it was shown that the germination of lettuce seeds irradiated with ions with high values of linear energy transfer in GMF weakened in 2.5•103 times leads to increasing of the percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations and multiple aberrations more than twice compared with the irradiated seeds germinating under normal conditions. Therefore, there is a synergistic effect of these factors. Synergism of combined exposure of HMC and a very weak alternating (50 Hz) magnetic field (i.e., the factor is radically different from radiation) has also been revealed in our studies of the HMC effects on the growth of Japanese quail embryos. Accelerated loss of mineral matter from the animal (rat) bone tissue under the influence of simulated weightlessness and HMC was discovered by Chinese researchers. This is an alarming phenomenon for manned astronautics. Probably we should expect the possible synergy of the impact of HMC and some other factors of flight and outer space, which will need to be taken into account when norming board conditions. Questions of creations of collective analogue of GMF in the habitable volume of future spacecraft and on lunar and Martian bases by means of electromagnetic systems are considered in this report. This fundamentally solves the problem. The real possibility is also shown of creating individual analog of GMF (jacket, jumpsuit and cap [. Spassky A.V., Lebedev V.M., Trukhanov K.A. Device for compensation of hypomagnetic conditions. The patent of the Russian Federation No. 2592736, 02.03.2015]), including for work in spacesuits on the surface of the Moon and Mars. Lettuce seeds were irradiated using argon nuclei of 290 MeV/nucleon and linear energy transfer in water about 1.1102 keV/µm at a Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (HIMAC) of National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS, QST) in Chiba, Japan. Absorbed dose was 1 Gy. Germination of seeds was carried out in the attenuated GMF. The geomagnetic field was attenuated by 2.5103; 3.6102 and 5101 times by comparison with GMF value in Moscow region (around 50 μT). The amount of chromosomal aberrations in seedling roots under action of both factors (ionizing radiation and HMC) substantially increases (Table). It is more than the sum of the effects of these two factors, i.e. the synergy of their common consecutive effects is observed. The result obtained recently in our studies also seems to be very important. For chicken Japanese quail, incubated in GMF weakened by 1000 times and grown to puberty, we found a disturbance of oviposition. This fact points to the possible fundamental problems arising from the action of HMC on biological objects in the developmental stage. Systematic studies of the possible long-term effect of HMC on various biological objects are required during several generations. Synergetic negative effect on cosmonauts and biological systems of life support is expected due to the various external conditions in which a long-term flight in deep space and on the future lunar or Martian bases will take place, e.g. ionizing radiation and hypomagnetic conditions. Therefore, a very careful simulation of this synergetic effect in terrestrial laboratory conditions on various biological objects should be performed. Possible methods of protection from HMC in space are proposed.