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A cross-cultural study aimed at comparing the idea of professionalism in Russians (n = 60) and Azerbaijanians (n = 60) was conducted. The subjects answered three questions on professionalism. The primary data was processed with semantic content analysis, which allowed us to distinguish 26 categories. Cluster analysis of the answers, distributed by categories, was carried out for the two groups of respondents. This allowed us to identify 5 clusters: the resulting component of professionalism, socio - personal competence of a professional, special achievements, the executive component of professionalism, professional competence. Results comparison showed that for Azerbaijanian respondents professionalism is more often associated with the cluster of social-personal competence, while in the Russian sample professionalism is defined through the resulting component of professionalism.