ИСТИНА

The results of a detailed study of the current state of metallurgy and materials science make it possible to mark the most promising approach for improving the properties and quality of steel while reducing costs. It based on the development of physico-chemical prediction methods and effective techniques of controlling nonmetallic inclusions, forms of impurity presence, phase precipitates, structural state, including uniformity over the volume of the metal. Moreover, in order to achieve fundamental progress in the direction under consideration, it is necessary to take into account the kinetics of processes occurring during metal processing, deviations from equilibrium, and the possibility of forming nanoscale and complex objects of the structural state of steel. The high efficiency of the formulated approach has now been confirmed by the development of a wide range of new technical, technological solutions, technologies, classes of steels. In particular, a significant increase in the homogeneity of the composition, structure, and properties of the metal has been achieved due to the formation of favorable silicate, complex and other types of inclusions / precipitates. Efficient technologies have been developed for production of a wide range of structural, tube, automobile, clad, and other types of mass high-quality steels with a fundamentally improved complex of difficult-to-combine characteristics: strength, ductility, cold resistance, corrosion resistance, operational reliability, weldability, and other properties for transport, machine building, construction industry, and fuel and energy complex. New types of steels have been created: ferritic steels hardened by thermally stable systems of nanosized precipitates; ferritic-cementite steels resistant to destruction in active carbon and hydrogen-containing gas media. At the same time, a significant reduction in costs and expansion of the raw material base was achieved.