ИСТИНА

Kamchatka mykiss (Parasalmo (O.) mykiss) has a high adaptivity level and complex structure of populations between other salmonids that widely spread in west Pacifica. This species presented by wild populations with different strategy of life and genetic determination for ecoforms (resident, anadromous and so on). Research of genetic relations between mykiss populations is very interesting for understanding of life diversity of this species and processes of microevolution. As has been shown before, majority of Asian mykiss populations has a low variability of genome, that’s found a difficulty for species differentiation on nature area. Wild population of Kamchatka mykiss from Kol river basin is unique in morphology peculiarities, there is a one of the west coast populations that presented only by resident form. Study of gene diversity this population has a high actuality. The 7 of SCAR-markers and 3 of ISSR-markers were special selected for genetic study of Kol river mykiss [1]. For comparison relations with other mykiss we used range of samples from west and east coast Kamchatka mykiss, some North America and Chile hatchery samples. As a reaper group we put sample of Oncorhynchus masou, that closely related with mykiss. The 3 from 7 SCAR-markers gives a difference. According this differences, Kol river mykiss has slow distinct with other Kamchatka populations, but no variability with American and Chile hatchery samples. According to other one SCAR-marker Kol river mykiss has a similarity with masou and mykiss from Oblucovina river basin (South-west coast of Kamchatka). Another one has shown similarity with resident mykiss from Bystraya river basin (East coat of Kamchatka). Has no any differences between Kol river mykiss and other samples according to all ISSR-markers. For variability test in mt-genome of Kamchatka mykiss, the cyt-b gene was used, that is highly polymorphic between North American mykiss populations. For Kamchatka mykiss this marker also well informatics, despite low mt-genome diversity in general [2]. The chain was detected for site in 1074 bp. For comparison, we used data from different samples, including Kol river mykiss, range of samples from west and east Kamchatka, Okhotsk sea hatchery and Santarian islands. According to results, mykiss from Kol river basin closely related with other Kamchatka populations and demonstrated stable replacement sites. The level of diversity of Kol river population is very low. According to our data, it’s lowest level from all peninsula and similar with a diversity level for Shantarian islands. Conclusion about low variability of genome of Kamchatka mykiss from Kol river has been provided after comparison by other sites and genes of mt- and nuclear DNA (D-loop, ATP-6, Atp-8, ND-3, ND-4, ITS-1, ITS-2). According all of this markers , population from Kol river also has low diversity according other Kamchatka mykiss. This data well correlated with allozymic researches. Majority of Kamchatka mykiss populations has shown high variabilility for 3-5 allozymic loci from 40 standard loci, usually tested in same studies. About 9 loci has alternative allele with low frequency. For Kamchatka mykiss from Kol river we found only 2 high polymorphic loci; 3 loci has low variability; another 2 has a single heterozygote [3]. Probably, so low level of gene diversity by Kol river mykiss to point on small number of fishes in this population that has presented only by resident form. Any way, for more accurate conclusions, we need of increase number fishes in samples and include more samples of this species from different parts of life area.