ИСТИНА

At present, the problem of dialogue of cultures acts as the topical issue of modern world interaction. Expansion of an information field, integrative processes, and formation of almost boundless multicultural space which has been created by various cultures with their own symbolical systems result in necessity to revise the humanitarian knowledge structure as the humanity phenomenon base. The 21st century culture has the huge potential of self-development, and so to study the principles of the symbolical systems formation and functioning is especially actual. Achievements in the cultural and historical psychology which has made huge impact on development of all cognitive science, the heritage of Tartu and Moscow semiotics school, the V. S. Bibler’s theory of dialogue of cultures, and the N. G. Salmina's sign and symbolical approach in training possess are of huge scientific potential and act as the theoretical base of researches. Evolutionary processes of communication progress lead to the conceptual part of written texts cannot transfer all volume of information. Based on images technique of media texts becomes more effective. The text understanding unites the process of information decoding, the subject’s embedding in knowledge, and experience all of which leads to search of sense. The issue of symbolization study as the psychological mechanism of the sign and symbolical environment understanding becomes an actual problem of science. In the culture heritage, a special code as a symbolical layer of semantic generalizations is emerging. These cultural and semantic "universals" act as a base of formation and initiate the integrative processes of sign and symbolical systems. To study the cultural heritage and assess the modern cultural achievements, there is a necessity of understanding the mechanisms of formation of ability to reveal sense and meanings of the cultural and historical code. In addition, you need the means to allow transferring the content of universal structures to the concrete subject domain where a studied object exists to decode and interpret its content. In the cultural and historical concept, the theoretical provisions have been put forward and the practical researches have been carried out to allow classifying the types of cultures. The base to create such classification is the phenomenon of cultural and historical thinking. Characteristics of cultural and historical thinking determine emergence of cultures of various type. Explanation is in the structure of the cogitative operations which result in understanding the processes and the phenomena. The person’s assimilation of the world around, regulation and self-control are carried out by means of meditation with the sign and symbolical means. The meditation product acquires the cultural and historical form, the element structure of which is defined by the psychological mechanism of symbolization as a part of the person’s cognitive activity. The training psychology and pedagogical model created makes it possible: 1) To structure the principles of creation of sign and symbolical systems in their cultural historical development; 2) To create the psychology and pedagogical conditions which allow understanding the structure of sign and symbolical environment in cultural and historical development; 3) To create abilities which allow operating with culture products as the means of intercultural communication.