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A technique has been developed that makes it possible to separate from peat and identify a significant number of particles of background cosmic dust (CD), including presumably interstellar particles. Comparative studies of peat sections from the Yaroslavl region and from the site of the fall of the Tunguska space body (TSB) have been carried out. The background magnetic component of the CD contains mainly magnetite microspheres and particles of native metals. Most often we managed to detect native Fe and FeCr alloy. Studying these particles by other methods will yield in new fundamental results on the origin of the CD, and layers with a high CD content can be used as stratigraphic frames. The microparticles isolated from the site of the TSB fall with traces of high-temperature action are very different from the background component of the CD and can be attributed to the TSB substance.