ИСТИНА

Keywords: arts in medicine, education, space medicine, Russian literature. Sir William Osler in the classic textbook "The Principles and Practice of Medicine" (Issued by Young J. Pentland, 1892) insisted that future doctors should know literature no less than medicine. One of the works of the famous physician-educator devoted to the poet John Keats (by Osler, William. John Keats - the Apothecary Poet. Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, 7, 1896, 11-16). You can also allocate to this class of problems a wide range of issues from attempts to give a correct diagnosis to establishing strong relationship between a patient and a member of the medical profession based on complex psychological interactions. All of these questions were subjects to creativity of such masters of Russian literature as Anton Chekhov, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Konstantin Leontiev. Researchers convincingly show the need for rethinking the current role of a doctor working in extreme conditions, on the nature of a sick person in the light of the growing trend toward the loss of the spiritual experience of previous generations and the dehumanization of medical practice. This primarily applies to doctors performing their duties on the spacecraft. At the same time, the preparation of physicians for the work onboard of a spaceship up till now is still carried out according to standards of modern natural sciences. However, only an in-depth study of brilliant and vivid literary examples can help contemporary physicians to better understand their patients, to establish the much needed psychological contact, to empathize with their suffering and, therefore, to make a more accurate diagnosis and appoint adequate treatment especially in the space flight environment. In the case to realize new approaches to the next round of innovations in space science we propose to include as part of the training program for the physicians, who plan to perform medical assistance to the crew onboard during the space flight, the study of clinical examples reflected in the works of the classics of Russian literature. The first view on such educational program reveals three lines of STEAM-development as following (if to consider Russian literature as part of world culture and art). Therapeutic. Will be developed by using comparative medico-philological analysis of such works by Anton Chekhov, as “The History of Medical Practice in Russia” and the recipes from the writer’s notebooks. Also in this block one can include "Salerno Health Code" by Arnold of Villanova for comparison with the works of Chekhov. The main emphasis can be made on historical and medical views of Doctor Chekhov and his contribution to retrospective diagnosis ("What Disease Did Herod Die Of?”). Surgical and military. This building block can contain data obtained after analysis from a medical point of view the works by Leo Tolstoy before and after a board line in his worldview (the late 70's - early 80-ies of the XIX century). While the results of the analysis of works of the first period ("Childhood", "Sevastopol Stories", "War and Peace", etc.) can provide the full International conference "Human space exploration" 273 basis for a "surgical" and "military-medical" model block, the novels of the second period ("The Death of Ivan Ilych", "Kreutzer Sonata", also editorial work on articles and brochures for popularization of medical achievements, etc.) can be used in the formation of "sanitary" and partly "ethical" component. Medical ethics. The works of diplomat, physician, philosopher, thinker and writer Konstantin Leontiev (novels "Podlipki" and "At its Edge", the novels, stories and articles "Literacy and a Nationality", "Byzantism and Slavic People", etc.), as well as the major novels by Fyodor Dostoevsky ("Demons", "Crime and Punishment", "The Brothers Karamazov") might provide the basis for "moral and ethical" components of medical-cultural model. Such comprehensive educational program, consisting of five blocks (Therapeutic, Surgical, Military, Sanitation and Hygiene, and Medical Ethics) can be based not only on the works of Russian authors, but also on other World’s classics such as French, German and English. In our opinion, the use of traditional and well-established literature masterpieces will have a significant impact on educational process altogether. Overall, the main aim of the program will be to facilitate the interaction and communication between all of the members of the multinational spaceship team, which will lead to a harmonious psychological atmosphere on board of the spacecraft.