ИСТИНА

The coastal zone of the Arctic seas is becoming an object of priority attention due to the need to create an industrial infrastructure for the extraction, storage and transportation of mineral resources, primarily hydrocarbons. Climate changes in the Arctic are the most significant on the planet. But reducing the ice cover of the Arctic seas not only provides new opportunities, in particular, to increase the efficiency of navigation along the Northern Sea Route, but also creates new problems. Extreme storm events and strong cyclones can have a significant impact on infrastructure, agriculture, ecosystems and shipping. Storms, polar mesocyclones and sea ice pose a danger to navigation, fishing, and objects on the shelf of the seas. For those areas where wind amplification arises due to a Downslope windstorms (Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen, Tiksi, Pevek, Wrangel Island), a statistical analysis of the surface wind speed and temperature was carried out according to observations, and in some areas the meteorological parameters , the recurrence of the phenomenon and its changes in the late 20th - early 21st centuries was evaluated. The average annual wave height has increased significantly in almost all parts of the Arctic Ocean. The analysis shows a high probability of increasing frequency of occurrence of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena in the Arctic with current climate changes. In particular, with a decrease in the area of ice cover. According to model estimates, under anthropogenic scenarios, the retreat of sea ice in the Arctic will continue further, which can significantly extend the season of marine navigation and bring closer the prospect of using new high-latitude routes for shipping. At the same time, climate change carries with it both negative and positive impacts: risk accounting and assessment are important.