ИСТИНА

According to the World Health Organization in 2010, more than 16 million people are caused by infectious and parasitic diseases, which are mainly transmitted from sick animals that transmit these diseases. The total number of diseases and deaths from intestinal helminthiases is higher than from bacterial, viral and other parasitic diseases combined. In this regard, the problem of combating animal helminthiasis is a national task. Currently, methods of treating animal helminthiases are based on the use of a wide range of anthelmintic drugs, some of which often do not provide the necessary effectiveness and often their use can cause unwanted side effects that are harmful to animal health. One of the reasons for the low effectiveness of benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs is the low solubility of their substances in water and physiologically active media. In this regard, it is necessary to overestimate the dosage of these drugs, thereby causing many undesirable consequences: overdose of the active substance and overpricing of the drug, increase in toxicity and environmental damage, etc. We have proposed an innovative approach to increase the solubility of poorly soluble anthelmintic substances by mechanochemically modifying them using water-soluble polymers, including plant metabolites (polysaccharides, saponins, etc.). The essence of the method is that they conduct joint solid-phase mechanical treatment of the substance of a medicinal substance with a plant metabolite in grinders-activators with controlled energy intensity. Obtained according to the proposed technology, the preparations had increased anthelmintic activity with a decrease in the consumption rate of active substances by 2-10 times. one of the environmentally friendly methods of protecting plants from diseases and pests of crops. One of the ways to increase the efficiency and safety of the etching method is to improve the assortment of pesticides, aimed at improving their sanitary, hygienic and environmental characteristics, high efficiency in combination with the leveling of toxic effects on the environment. Improving the etching efficiency and preventing the formation of pathogen resistance to pathogens in pathogens is achieved through the use of combined preparations with multifaceted fungicidal activity. In this aspect, we offer protectants obtained in two alternative ways: - on the basis of mechanochemical modification of active substances (AI) of known fungicides (tebuconazole, imazalil, metalaxyl, prochlorase, carbendazim, thiram, etc.) using plant metabolites (arabinogalactan, glycyrrhizic acid derivatives). In this case, preparations are obtained in the form of solid dispersions, which form supramolecular complexes with increased solubility and biological efficiency with a decrease in the dosage of AI of the initial fungicides; - by suspending of AI preparations in grinders with controlled energy intensity in the aqueous medium of polysaccharides (in particular, kelp) without the use of traditional formative components. The resulting suspension forms can be recommended for practical use. The approaches proposed by us made it possible to develop multicomponent protectants with a wide spectrum of biological action. So, the dressing of crops with the preparations proposed in the work allowed 60-100% to limit the manifestation of seed infection, 30-80% - primary aerogenic, soil and contained in plant residues. At the same time, an increase in the yield of spring wheat by 0.2-0.3 t / ha was observed. Biological tests of the preparations we developed with respect to causative agents of dry rot during storage and black scab of potato during the growing season showed a decrease in the number of ill dry rot tubers by 1.6-2.0 times in comparison with the control variant, and also significantly reduced the development of the disease in sprouting period 5.8-7.3 times, and in the bud-formation - the beginning of blooming 2.7-5.5 times. The complex effect of protectants on the development of the disease, development and growth of potato plants led to an increase in crop productivity by 1.7-2.3 t / ha.