ИСТИНА

We advocate the geosystem approach to landscape-ecological planning which deals with the properties and the internal energy, water and matter turnovers of landscape systems and uses biophysical units as a base for distributing land use types in space. Recent publications in landscape planning as well as presentations at the conferences more and more focus on participatory approach and communication process which is extremely important under the conditions of dominance of lands in private property. However, the principal aim of landscape- ecological planning is to adapt land use to natural units and to imitate natural flows and processes as perfectly as possible. The main principle of the context-based landscape planning is the due consideration for both intrinsic properties of a unit and its value in a broad (regional, national or international) spatial context. Multifaceted view on landscape context makes us to distinguish at least four approaches to evaluation of ecological functions. First, the value of a landscape unit can be related to powerful influence that it exerts on neighbouring or distant units. Second, a landscape unit can have its own value independent on a context (e.g., habitats of rare species). Third, a landscape unit can have no any special own value but can be an important regulator of relations between neighbouring units. Fourth, the value of a landscape unit can emerge temporarily if anthropogenic or natural processes strongly reduce the values of neighbouring units. We demonstrate the framework for implementation of these issues into landscape-ecological planning based on case studies in the taiga zone of Russia in the course of realizing RFBR project 20-05-00447 and State target for Lomonosov Moscow State University “Structure, functioning and evolution of natural and natural-anthropogenic geosystems” (project No. АААА-А16-116032810081-9.