ИСТИНА

The continuing global warming and the growth of climate extremes are strongly identified in the Northern and Arctic areas. Northern territory is 68% of the Russian territory. In the north and east of Russia the land area of Northern territory is more than 70% of all territories, and in the Far Eastern – 94%. For Northern territories the main factor of their sustainable development is the natural and climatic discomfort of the life conditions. In this regard, the urgency of using regionalization of Russia and the natural conditions of human life for assessing the conditions of the modern climate and forecasting the living conditions of the population for the future climate, is growing. Investigation of natural and climate conditions in the Northern and Arctic areas of Russia was conducted using the method of regionalization of Russian Federation territory by environment conditions of human life. Zoning of climatic conditions of the vital activity of the population is used as a key method by means of an integrated indicator, sensitive to climate changes. This indicator estimates rather slowly changing landscape component of a discomfort and quickly changing climatic component. Researches of the impact of modern climate changes of landscapes conditions is an urgency problem. Therefore, the important aim of this work is the research of a question of how climate change affects the levels of landscapes. Transitional natural zones represent an open system for impact of climatic changes and possess rather fast response to climatic fluctuations. The research of possible changes in the transitional landscape zones is conducted. This work describes trends of climatic characteristics in transitional landscape zones of Russian northern and arctic regions and assess the prerequisites for possible changes in landscape. MODIS data were used for the analysis of surface spectral characteristics. The response of the landscape spectral characteristics in large geographic regions of the Russian North to contemporary climate change is defined. The areas with the most significant changes of green phytomass have been identified based on satellite data. Positive trend in sum of the active temperatures and negative precipitation trend are observed in these regions. The climatic conditions of some areas in tundra, forest tundra and northern taiga nowadays correspond to the more southerly landscape zones. This situation is conductive to vegetation changes of landscapes and could lead to shifting of transitional landscape zones boundaries to higher latitudes. Climate change is proved by the positive vegetation index trends for the period of 2000-2018 in zones of tundra and forest tundra in the European part of Russia. In Siberia, the positive NDVI trends characterize the landscapes of forest tundra and northern taiga.