ИСТИНА

Modern optics provides unique opportunities for the investigation of brain and higher nervous activity. The combination of advanced laser technologies and neurosciences is opening a new multi - disciplinary direction of natural sciences — neurophotonics. Neurophotonics is providing the development of a wide spectrum of tools for functional brain diagnostics, stimulation of ndividual neurons and neural networks, as well as molecular engineering of brain cells aimed at a diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative and psychic diseases. Optical fibers suggest unique approaches helping to confront the most challenging problems in brain research, including the analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms behind memory and cognition. Optical fibers of new generation offer new solutions for the development of fundamentally new, unique tools for neurophotonics and laser neuroengineering — fiber -optic neuroendoscopes and neurointerfaces. Neurointerfaces open new horizons for the investigation of the most complex brain functions, enabling a long -term multiplex detection of fluorescent protein markers, as well as photostimulation of neuronal activity in deep brain areas in living, freely behaving animals with an unprecedented spatial resolution and minimal invasiveness. This emerging technology opens new horizons for understanding learning and long-term memory through experiments with living, freely behaving mammals.In the present work, we demonstrate optical reconnectable neurointerface based on bundles of microscaled fibers integrated with scanning fast galvanometric mirrors. We used reconnectable neurointerface and different lines of transgenic mice for low invasive in vivo experiments, that demonstrated multiplex visualization of marker proteins in the brain of freely moving animals with cellular space resolution at long temporal scale. This work was supported by the Program ‘Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of the Russian Scientific and Technological Complex for 2014– 2020’ (Contract 14.607.21.0092 of November 21, 2014; unique identifier of applied research: RFMEFI60714X00