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The problem of modeling and analysis of the optical signal properties with scaling characteristics is considered in relation to the problem of the interaction of light waves with aperiodic deterministic and stochastic structures. The investigated objects are multilayer systems, 1D, 2D and 3D gratings and inhomogeneous phase plate. The rating of scaling manifestations in their optical characteristic was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the structure function of the investigated distributions and properties of coatings of the intensities landscape in optical images. The procedure for the self-consistent determination of parameters such as the width of the scaling field and the value of the scaling factors and the fractal dimensions is considered in detail. It is shown that self-similar patterns in the the intensity distribution of the waves scattered by gratings have a high degree of stability to change in lighting conditions and to the presence of random structural defects in lattice. http://armimp.ru/upload/2013/mini_Proceedings_ARMIMP2013.pdf