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Abstract The vulnerable groups of population (people with disabilities, young people, women, etc.) are subjects of study of demographic and economic sciences. A special part is assigned to disabled persons as human resources, which require additional funds and social assistance for their social integration and occupational fulfillment. Thereby current Russian government’s social and economic policy priorities are employment assistance and socialization of people with disabilities. Looking at a group of people with disabilities in general, we identify disabled of hostilities and military service, as a specific work force with a certain strength. The article presents the main problems of professional and social rehabilitation of Russian disabled through military service, included the objective problems of the disabled people’s labor market, and subjective features of medical, social and professional rehabilitation of the given category of citizens. Analysis is based on the collection of statistical data on the population of a given social group, which resulted in a number of measures aimed at effective integration into the society of this socio-demographic group.