ИСТИНА

We consider a few topics from area of Severny’ interest: location of flare kernels, change of magnetic fields associated with flares and problems of the flares energy, a role of electric currents in active regions and flares. Data with SoHO/MDI, registration of the full vector of the magnetic field with Hinode/SOT and SDO/HMI on the photosphere and new methods of their analysis show directly that the magnetic field changes prior and after a flare. This allows us to estimate the most reliable the flare energy on the Sun and late-type stars using, for instance, the virial theorem (Metcalf et al. 2008). Approximation of magnetic fields up to the corona gives a chance to recover spatial structures of active regions and to conclude that location of flare kernels is associated with the bundle of current threads concentrating above the polarity inversion line (PIL) in the photosphere. For the strongest solar flares, the effective particle acceleration occurs directly above spots (Livshits, Belov 2003; Grechnev et al. 2008). We can conclude more definitely that stellar flares and CME are analogous to solar ones. Properties of flares on subgiants and giants are close to those of solar flares above PIL, while features of powerful impulsive events on red dwarfs remind those above sunspots.