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Calanoid copepods play an important role in the functioning of marine planktonic communities. According to their reproductive strategies and behavioral and morphological differences amongst females in highly seasonal cold-water regions, calanoids can be divided into two groups. In members of the superfamily Centropagoidea the females lack spermathecae, and therefore, are unable to store spermatozoa after copulating. The populations of these copepods are characterized by almost equal adult sex ratios and population growth is maintained at a constant and potentially high level due to high egg production. The remaining families of the order Calanoida (non-Сentropagoidea) have females with spermathecae and can thus preserve male seminal products throughout long periods. The adult sex ratio in their populations is shifted towards females. The four species of calanoid copepods, Centropages hamatus, Temora longicornis, Calanus glacialis and Metridia longa from the White Sea, belonging to these two groups were selected for a detailed comparative study of the morphology of the reproductive systems and comparison of their reproductive strategies. Light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to visualize the internal structures of the reproductive system. 3D-reconstructions of the female reproductive system were created from serial semi-thin cross sections. Comparison of the life cycles was based on published data. Detailed studies of the genital internal anatomy allow us to more precisely describe the variations in the reproductive biology of members of these two groups of calanoid copepods with different reproductive strategies.