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The Lunar Exploration Neutron De-tector (LEND) instrument on board the Lunar Recon-naissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft will measure both the neutron emission (albedo) from the lunar surface and the local neutron background in orbit. The objectives of the LEND science investigation is to de-termine with high spatial resolution possible presence of water ice on the Moon and to map global distribution of hydrogen in the regolith. The measurement of the neutron lunar albedo will also help determine the surface neutron radiation environment, which is of great importance for the planning and operation of fu-ture human lunar missions.