ИСТИНА

A good source of anthropological information is the so-called composite portrait, which, cutting off individual characteristics, creates an idea of the "average" type of a particular population group. It is a kind of cognitive tool that allows us to visualize the integral morphological characteristics of variability – gender, age, race. With the development of technologies, including digital ones, new methods for the implementation of generalized portraits appear. The main difference between the methods used today is the number of fixed points for superposition. In this work we compared the composite portraits created using the same photo database of Santal people but two methodologies: (1) using only two fixed points (the pupils) in Photoshop, and (2) using three fixed pointed (the pupils and middle of the mouth) in the computer program faceONface, especially developed to create composite portraits. The database consists of anthropological photographs of 64 Santal women (aged 18-75 years) and 37 men (18-70 years). As expected, in the composite photo portrait obtained by the classical Galton pupil alignment method, elements of the eye region are reflected more or less clearly, but the lower tier of the face is indistinct, the dispersion of features of this area is obvious. When choosing the third point, we get a clearer picture in the mouth region, without losing clarity in the eye region. On the one hand, the use of 3 reference points gives a more appealing image, but we artificially disregard the dispersion of the face height, going from a population representation to a typological one.