ИСТИНА

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) draw great attention due to their outstanding performance and facile solution processing. However, commercialization of PSC is hindered by the relatively low stability of hybrid perovskites upon various atmospheric factors as well as low operational sustainability of the device components. A wide spectrum of different approaches is proposed to enhance the intrinsic stability of the applied materials and their interfaces, including perovskite active layer compositional engineering, passivation techniques, and modification of charge-transport layers. These methods significantly pushed the stability of the PSCs up however, under real operational conditions, device encapsulation is mandatory since it serves not only as a barrier to ‘‘external” degradation factors such as moisture and oxygen but also provides mechanical protection and prevents lead leakage from the cells to the environment. Recently we introduce a simple and universal scalable encapsulation strategy for perovskite solar cells based on thermal vacuum evaporation of MgF2 or MoO3-x capping layer followed by sealing the device with glass and UV-curable polymer. The proposed encapsulation method is beneficial to most of the other known encapsulation approaches being fully harmless to perovskite and transporting layers and processible at room temperature. Vacuum deposition of the capping layer promotes efficient removal of water, oxygen and organic solvent residuals from the device prior to sealing and could be easily performed using standard equipment for metal electrode deposition. The proposed strategy is transferrable to any lab-scale perovskite solar cell prototypes regardless of their geometry and architecture and results in excellent stability of the devices in ambient air and long operating conditions. Upon the 1000 hours stability test at ambient air (30%–60% RH), the cells preserved 92.9% of their initial efficiency on average under 1 Sun illumination at constant maximum power point tracking (MPPT, ISOS-L-1) and over 96% under storage in the dark (ISOS-D-1), thus evidencing for the high effectiveness of the proposed encapsulation approach.