ИСТИНА

The task of the study was to calculate greenhouse gases fluxes in the crop and live-stock sectors. The objects were operating farms in Kursk, Ryazan, Tula, and Chu-vashia regions in European Russia. Field measurements by closed chamber method were carried out in seven groups of ecosystems: five agricultural ones − croplands, pastures, hayfields, stockyards and compost piles, compared with two natural ones − grasslands and forests, over the period 2020-2023. According to the measurements of CO2 emission from the soil, the seven groups identified were ranked based on the Mann-Whitney criterion with the following order (gCm-2h-1): croplands (0.144-0.200) < pastures (0.160-0.357) ≤ hayfields (0.181-0.399) ≤ forests (0.094-0.511) ≤ grasslands (0.157-0.431) << stockyards (0.255-2.841) << compost piles (1.620-3.403). Correlation analysis indicated strong positive correlations of CO2 flux from the soil with its temperature and humidity in Chuvashia, Ryazan, and Tula; in Kursk they were weak. Regression equations ex-plained 30.4-94.6% of CO2 emission variance. These ecosystems are methane sinks of different intensity (mgCH4m-2h-1): croplands (0.214-0.854), hayfields (0.015-8.070), grasslands (0.006-0.433), forests (0.078-1.518) and most pastures (0.015-1.781). The formation of nitrous oxide bal-ance depends not on the type of land use, but on the geographical location of objects (mgN2Om-2h-1): in Chuvashia all ecosystems are N2O sinks (0.023-0.380), while in the Ryazan they are sources (0.011-0.634). Livestock facilities are powerful sources of the two gases (99.37-33909.5 mg CH4 m-2 h-1 and 11.24-743.6 mg N2O m-2 h-1). Additionally, we used three carbon calculators – Cool Farm Tool, AgRE-Calc, and Farm Carbon Toolkit to evaluate the cumulative emission from livestock. Car-bon footprints are equivalent (kt CO2-eq./head): 3.9-18.7 for cows, 2.1-14.0 for hors-es, 0.3-1.3 for sheep. Between 56% and 95% of the total emission depending on the animal species is due to feed production; 11-41% is due to internal fermentation, which is not effectively managed yet. Reducing feed production and altering diets can lead to poor feed balance and adversely affect animal health. The only way to decrease emissions from the livestock sector remains to reduce their numbers, alt-hough this may be controversial for agricultural producers.