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High temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis represents a sustainable alternative for direct light olefin synthesis from fossil and renewable feedstocks. It is uncovered that the promotion of iron catalysts with Bi and Pb results a remarkable increase in the reaction rate and light olefin selectivity. A combination of characterization techniques uncovered substantial migration of the promoting elements during the reaction which results in decoration of iron carbide nanoparticles. The promoters seem to facilitate CO dissociation by removing O atoms from iron carbide nanoparticles.