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The main social and political processes in today’s Turkey and affiliated fundamental issues, the trajectory of Turkish sociopolitical development have naturally stirred interest both inside the country and abroad. And this increased focus on Turkey is quite explicable. During the first decade of the 2000s the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (which had come to power in 2002) managed to bring Turkey to the 17th place in the list of the largest world economies and to transform considerably the settled model of political and economic relations in Turkey with the purpose to lay the foundations of “New Turkey” as a synthesis of historical heritage, current competitive strengths (the level of Turkey’s global competitiveness has been constantly rising), and world conjuncture.