ИСТИНА

EXAMINATION OF THE PRESCRIPTION OF A DOCUMENT AS A WAY TO IDENTIFY MALFEASANCE If the employer does not provide them with a backdated date, then he faces criminal liability. It is not surprising that the court is also overloaded with an impressive amount of forged papers, since the parties in those cases where decent sums are at stake (cases of bankruptcy, inheritance, purchase and sale of real estate, etc.) are ready to go for even the most risky tricks hoping to win the case. The seeming possibility to draw up the necessary document “backdating” creates numerous additional risks in the sphere of production, economy and public life. There is an illusion of the possibility of concealing theft or the true cause of harm to health or environmental crime. The presence of methods for establishing the true prescription of a document is an effective form of preventing the numerous risks of malfeasance by officials. Chromatographic methods are most often used to determine the age of a stroke, despite the fact that, recently, there has been a tendency to replace them with spectroscopic methods [1, 2]. The fundamental basis of chromatographic methods is the study of the temporal dynamics of changes in the concentration of certain components in the ink composition. A list of components that are considered volatile has been compiled. Generally, these are 2-phenoxyethanol, glycerol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, benzyl alcohol, phthalic anhydride, diphenylamine, Michler’s ketone, etc. 2-Phenoxyethanol is used most often for analysis purposes since its chromatographic dynamics are the most stable and obvious. A typical scene of the evaporation dynamics of volatile components of writing materials is described, for example, in [3]. Chromatographic methods based on the evaporation of volatile components have a number of limitations, including the inability to analyze the age of strokes that are older than 1.5–2 years (the evaporation period of volatile components). In attempts to overcome this limit by searching for new components with a longer evaporation time or optimizing sampling parameters such as the paper sheet type, sampling tube, extraction temperature, extraction time, sample mass, and desorption time have been applied [4, 5, 6]. It is claimed that these methods allow increasing the depth of chromatographic analysis by up to 5 years. Evaporation may not be the only method to change the concentrations of components. The dynamics of the content of conditionally volatile components of writing materials in the presence of moisture may also be caused by the processes of interaction of components with each other and with paper components [7]. The natural difference in atmospheric pressure is another factor in natural aging, which is not embraced by systematic studies. The evaporation of aqueous solutions of the components of writing materials should also accelerate in the case of a decrease in atmospheric pressure. Considering the above assumption that the components of the writing composition evaporate in dilute aqueous solutions, the pressure drop factor can seriously influence the rate of ink degradation. This work is devoted to the analysis of some factors of natural and artificial aging of documents and methods for their detection using spectral methods.