ИСТИНА

Experimental studies of any system are the information primary source if we want to know the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams. The method of electromotive force (EMF) with a liquid electrolyte is one of the most important methods of the physico-chemical analysis. One peculiarity of the EMF is its proportionality to one component of the system chemical potential:µi= n·F·E (n-charge of the ion responsible of the potential, F=96485.34 C/mol Faraday’s constant, E - electromotive force). An accuracy improvement in determining   µi (T, xi) up to ±10-50 J/mol not only leads to the various thermodynamic properties of the system (partial entropies and enthalpies of components, phase enthalpies of transformation, partial enthalpies at infinite dilution, thermal capacities, but it also gives a possibility to study the phase diagram in detail (liquidus and solidus, miscibility gaps, invariant points, stoichiometry deviations, ordering, etc...) EMF remains one of the most important methods in metallurgical thermodynamics. It is universal and self-sufficient for the systems which we study. We applied this technique successfully to the following systems: binaries: Tl-S, Tl-Se, Tl-Te; Cd-Te; Pb-Pd; In-P; In-Sn; In-Sb; Sn-Sb; Bi-Se; Mn-Te; REM with In, Sb, Pb, Te; ternaries: Cd-Hg-Te; In-Sn-Sb; Pb-Sn-Sb; Pb-Sn-Zn; In-Bi-Ag; In-Sn-Ag; In-Ni-Sb; PbCu-Zn; Pb-In-Zn; quaternaries: Pb-In-Zn-Sn. Practically, the EMF method does not have any limit to the study of the different metallic, semiconductor, oxide and glass systems.