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The stringent limitations of the sulfur content in the petroleum raw materials (10 ppm in liquid motor fuels) stimulate in recent years new research dealing with catalytic desulfurization processes. The key trend in the purification of liquid is hydrodesulfurization, but hydrogen-free processes based on adsorption, oxidation, and extraction are being rapidly developed. Recently, the method of oxidative desulfurization (ODS) and following extraction of sulfones by ionic liquids (ILs) has become one of the widely used for the purification of petroleum fractions. promising approach is the use of metal-containing ILs as complex ODS agent.