ИСТИНА

The problem of human fatness is one of the most urgent in the modern world. Studies in the field of anthropogenetics revealed some genetic determinants of increased fat accumulation and, as a consequence, of obesity development. The T/A polymorphism (rs9939609) in the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene, is a strong candidate to explain how disease modifier polymorphisms may contribute to lower risk for obesity among trained individuals (Kilpelainen et al., 2011). It has been shown that adults who are homozygous for the A-allele weigh on average 1.5 to 3 kg more than those homozygous for the T allele. This finding has now been replicated in multiples obese cohorts (Fawcett and Barroso, 2010).The aim of the study was to examine possible relationships between T/A polymorphism of FTO with fat accumulation among 101 Kalmykian males (46 wrestlers aged from 14 to 26 years and 52 sedentary controls aged from 17 to 28 years). The program included standard anthropometric measurements (Bunak, 1941). For molecular genetic analysis buccal smears were collected. Genome DNA was extracted with the technique of alkaline extraction. Genotypes were determined with the minisequencing technique followed by MALDI-TOF detection (Ross et al., 1998). Statistical analysis, performed with the software «Statistica 8.0», included descriptive statistics, normalization procedure, one-way ANOVA with Scheffe’s test for multiple comparisons. Statistical analysis has revealed the tendency to significant difference in genotype frequencies between wrestlers (FTO*TT 52,5% FTO*AT 32,5% FTO*AA 15,0%) and sedentary controls (FTO*TT 48,9% FTO*AT 32,5% FTO*AA 18,6%), χ2 = 5,52, p=,06 There is certain increase of T-allele frequency in wrestlers group (69% vs 65%). In general, athletes demonstrate lower fat accumulation matching with controls. ANOVA analysis has revealed a lot of associations between FTO genotype and anthropometrical characteristics, describing fat accumulation both in wrestlers group (weight, fat mass, chest, waist and hips circumferences, trunk and leg skinfold thickness) and in sedentary controls (trunk skinfold thickness). Carriers of two mutant alleles (AA genotype) demonstrate increased meanings of fat accumulation in both groups. Thus, the presence of two rare alleles of the FTO gene polymorphic system in the genotypes of investigated Kalmykian males could be considered as a risk-factor of increased fat accumulation.