ИСТИНА

Press of the “Russian abroad”: features, tendencies and typological models In eighty countries of the world (excluding Russia), there are produced around 3,5 thousand media in Russian language for 30 million Russian speakers (Astafyev 2012). Russophone diaspora is specific, as it has a multilayered (different waves of migration) and multiethnic character (see Pivovar 2008, 2010). The printed media of the three first waves of the Russian emigration are thoroughly studied (e.g., Bogomolov 1994, 2004; Esin 2003; Mikhalev 2009; Suomela 2014; Zhirkov 2003). There are as well several studies on the online space of the “Russian abroad” (e.g., Morgunova 2014; Reut and Teterevleva 2014). Yet, the currently existing printed Russian-language media remain somewhat of a blind spot on the map of the diaspora studies and media studies alike, despite the scale of this media segment. This study focuses on the printed media segment of the Russophone media abroad. The study is based on a twelve-year long monitoring of Russian-language press that consisted of a basic content analysis of 65 printed media and survey of 64 journalists working for 50 outlets. The materials were collected during the trainings for these journalists organized by the Universal Association of Russian Press (VARP) and Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University. The study maps the space of the Russian-language press abroad, describes the tendencies characteristic for it, and highlights the typological models within this segment. Russian-language press of the far-abroad exists in the market conditions. Most of these media are commercially stable, they prioritize the issues related to cross-cultural connections of the Russophone diaspora. Commercialization leads to popularity of eclectic, mass Russophone media aimed at consumers, with plenty of glance magazines and free editions. Russophone media of the post-Soviet space often function in the situation of political instability and financial problems. These media tend to become politicized, which often is situational. They focus on social problems and challenges, crime and scandals. Many of them are becoming tabloids. Most of these media have paid distribution. On the one hand, the Russian-language media abroad are influenced by global processes, which lead to their commercialization, standardization, concentration and integration with non-established media online. On the other hand, these media are oriented at specific audiences, united by the language and culture. The current challenges of these media are related to the political events (such as the Ukrainian conflict), as well as the broader problem of self-identification of the Russophone diaspora. Keywords: Russophone, diaspora, Russian-language press