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Examples of the negative impact of the oil and gas development on the resistance of the coasts to erosion are analyzed for Pechora and Kara seas. Local technogenic disturbances in the cryolithozone put the activating mechanism of thermal abrasion into action. Under the conditions of global warming and ice cover decrease, this effect is enhanced due to the increase of the length of the ice free period and the length of the wave fetch. As a result, anthropogenic impact and climate change create a synergetic effect, due to which rates of coastal retreat may double or even triple.