ИСТИНА

The transient electromagnetic events, such as Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes (TGF), Transient Luminous Events (TLE) and cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) as well as magnetosphere electron precipitation were observed during the space experiment with RELEC (Relativistic Electrons) instruments on board Vernov small satellite from July to December, 2014 and on board Lomonosov space mission from April 28, 2016 till now. The solar-synchronous orbits of both satellites provides the favourable conditions for the magnetosphere electron precipitation (MEP) study as TGF and TLE observations in different areas of the Atmosphere including Equatorial and Polar Regions. As the results of observations on Vernov satellite the dozens of candidates in TGFs and thousands of UV and red flashes most likely associated with TLEs and lightning were detected. The MEPs were also observed regularly in different areas of near Earth space. Some of TGF candidates and UV flashes were observed at high latitudes in the regions far away from thunderstorms, but near the MEP areas that could indicate on possible connection between TGF and TLE, i.e. high altitude discharges and MEP. The short-time variations of sub-relativistic and relativistic (0.1 – 3.0 MeV) electron flux variations were detected during Vernov and Lomonosov missions in the different parts of near-Earth space, including Aurora regions. The typical times of such events are in the range from several milliseconds up to dozen of seconds and even minutes. The spatial effects caused by satellite crossing of electron beams or other areas with increased electron density and pure temporal, i.e. burst-like phenomena may be among them. Small satellites, such as Vernov and Lomonosov are very appropriate for study electron precipitation, which can be dangerous for spacecraft technique and biological objects. The experience of Vernov and Lomonosov missions are very important for future project of multi small satellites, which can be used for monitoring of natural and artificial space hazards such as space radiation, transient phenomena etc.