ИСТИНА

A widespread implementation of computer modelling to the area of “green” construction allows creation and analysis of both the landscape and climate conditions. The analysis is usually completed by a number of specific software packages. The following criteria are crucial when using a complex design approach for the urban territory planning: • General energy efficiency • Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) • Thermal comfort (indoor and outdoor) • Daylight potential • Natural ventilation • Solar shading and Solar harvesting • Proper building orientation Based on analysis of the above mentioned criteria, the applied problems of ecological landscape design and “green” development could be resolved: • Comfortable and safe well-being of the occupants; • Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the environmental certification and reduction of overall harmful emissions; • Usage of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies, including application of renewables and special vegetation and plants; • Effective strategies limiting the overall impact on environment; • Feasibility assessment of some controversial and alternative design solutions. A number of analytical tools and methods commonly used by the design teams: • Analysis of solar shading to assess a risk of unwanted shading potentially cast by the surrounding buildings, structures and vegetation. Exposure of the light transparent systems to the sun can greatly affect parameters of comfortable stay in a building, as well as influence loads on the systems, and eventually, energy consumption; • Mathematical modeling of dynamic flows (CFD) enables a detailed analysis of the air inside and outside the building. Internal CFD analysis benefits effective design of the ventilation system and assesses effectiveness of the natural ventilation. External CFD analysis allows predicting the spread of smoke or suspended particles during emergency or natural disasters. This also identifies critical areas to the wind impact while planning districts and neighborhoods with a respect to the outdoor comfort; • Feasibility studies on renewables and assessment of the economic benefits; calculation of the environmental “respond” of different solutions and prioritizing of the efficient design measures; • In-depth modeling of buildings taking into account scale of the development, general features of the landscape and microclimate (shading conditions, wind loads, optimal orientation to the aspects, specifics of the terrain and hydrogeological conditions), specifics of the buildings. The proposed complex approach is promising by using an advanced ecological landscape designing routine applicable to a wide range of facilities - new suburban settlements (cottages, low-rise residential neighborhoods), urban quarters and districts, private country residence, industrial objects in urban or suburban precincts.