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Nanosystems and Nanodevicesучебный курс
- Автор: Булычев Александр Александрович
- Год создания: 2017
- Организация: МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова
- Курс на иностранном языке
- Описание: Model membrane systems. The role of surface tension in the formation of bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) and methods of controlling the formation of BLM. The shape of lipid molecules, spontaneous curvature of the monolayer. Local defects in lipid bilayer. Energy of ions in the membrane and aqueous solutions. Born's equation. The energy of ion dehydration. Ion energy profiles in the membrane. Physical mechanisms for the action of ionophores (valinomycin, gramicidin D). Mechanical properties of lipid membranes. Bending energy. Equilibrium radius of lipid nanotubes with account for bending energy and surface tension. Effect of electric fields on cellular and lipid membranes. Maxwell tension. Cell deformations in electic fields at low and high frequencies. Movement of cells and liposomes under the action of electric fields: electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, electro-rotation. Positive and negative dielectrophoresis. Stability of membranes in electric field, electrical breakdown. Electromechanical model of breakdown, breakdown as a result of local defects (pores). Irreversible and reversible breakdown. Fusion of membranes. Membrane transport. Overton's rule. Penetration into the membrane of large molecules and aggregates (fullerenes). Diffusion. Stokes-Einstein equation. Fick's laws for the case of one-dimensional diffusion. Distribution of the diffusing substance and its change over time. Kinetics of concentration changes for a diffusing substance at different distances from the source. Diffusion of substances into the cells and in unstirred layers; radial diffusion. Fluorescence methods for determining the diffusion time. Diffusion of H+ in the presence of immobilized and mobile buffers. Cell permeability to water and non-electrolytes. Water transport, mechanisms of osmotic regulation and regulation of cell volume. Capillary ascent of water, Poiseuille equation. Determination of mechanical cell properties by intracellular pressure probes. Bulk elastic modulus, hydraulic conductivity and reflection coefficients. Anomalous osmosis. Electroosmosis, electrophoresis, other electrokinetic phenomena. Double electric layer (DEL). Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Debye's approximation. DEL thickness. Electrokinetic zeta potential, comparison with surface potential. Derivation of Smoluchowski equation. Membrane-permeable ions, their use for evaluation of membrane potential, dipole potential and surface electric potential. Transport of weak acids and bases through membranes. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Relative content of СО2, НСО3– and carbonate ions in aerated solutions at different pH. Amines as probes ΔpH; The role of pK in the distribution of amines. Ion transport and ion permeability of membranes. Electrodiffusion theory; kinetic description of ion transport in channels with account for ion energy profile. Properties of open channels: selectivity, binding constant, channel blockers. Gating function of voltage-sensitive channels. Active transport in the chemiosmotic system and transport ATPases. Artificial ion pumps: light-dependent transport of redox-active cations in energy-coupling membranes. Transport of proteins through biomembranes. Protein import in chloroplasts.
- Добавил в систему: Булычев Александр Александрович