ИСТИНА

Выявление факторов развития сельских пространств России для разных типов сельской местности. Выявление закономерностей развития различных сельских территорий на современном этапе с учетом соотношения роли внешних и внутренних факторов. Выводы и рекомендации для государственного регулирования различных типов сельской местности.

The rural areas of Russia have not been spared the territorial processes leading to an increase in the concentration of socio-economic phenomena. It leads to a change in the established typology of rural areas. The study is supposed to focus on studying the relationship between the role of external and internal factors of the territorial organization of rural areas in the context of socio-economic transformations. Attention will be paid to how socio-economic transformations take place in different types of rural areas in Russia. The ongoing transformations in the settlement patterns, the demographic situation, the labor market, the transformation of the functions of rural settlements, social innovations in rural areas will be carefully considered in this study. The research will be based on the following directions of rural transformation, which determine the complex trajectories of its development. – natural zonality, types of rural settlement patterns proposed by S.A. Kovalev and based on agro-climatic parameters have largely undergone transformations in the post-Soviet era. Nonetheless, they still determine the framework for rural development. During the study, an analysis of the main transformations of the main parameters of rural settlement will be carried out. Despite the intensification of the influence of other factors, such as transport-geographical location and center-peripheral relations, the zonal factor continues to influence the socio-economic situation in rural areas. For a number of types of rural areas this influence is decisive; – transformation of the agricultural function. In some rural areas, the agricultural and forestry functions have lost their role as a significant basis for the life of the population. In some regions, the arrival of agricultural holdings has radically changed the way of life of the rural population and transformed the social sphere. The role of personal subsidiary plots is also changing. In some types of rural areas it loses its importance, in others it becomes the backbone of the economy for rural families; – changes in the structure of the population, consideration of the ratio of the permanent and temporary population, transformation of the demographic situation. Analysis of the intensification and direction changes of labor migrations of rural population; – development of social innovations in rural areas as a "response" to new challenges and threats in rural areas. As a result of our work, the classical types of rural settlement will be clarified based on field research and analysis of statistical data. The role of external and internal factors in the development of rural areas will be identified. The synthetic analysis of the transformation of the functions of rural areas will be carried out. The external (frame) factors in the study are understood as agro-climatic conditions, transport-geographical location, institutional conditions, general demographic background and processes of urbanization and agglomeration, etc. Under the internal (local) factors will be considered the unique specific features of a particular rural settlement or district settlement system (historical factors, local initiatives, landscape features, micro-geographical location). In other words, everything that strengthens, neutralizes or acts contrary to the external (frame) factors.