ИСТИНА

Проект направлен на разработку новых эффективных методов синтеза функциональных мультиблок-сополимеров и "умных" материалов на их основе посредством химической модификации гомо- и сополимеров с ненасыщенной основной углеродной цепью с использованием межцепных и полимераналогичных реакций.

The synthesis of new copolymers and the study of their properties are an important area of modern macromolecular chemistry. One of the most interesting features of block copolymers is their ability to self-assemble into nanostructures of various morphologies. Amphiphilic linear and graft copolymers are of particular interest due to their practical application in aqueous media. Multiblock copolymer properties are still poorly studied. Unlike homopolymer mixtures and copolymers with a small number of blocks, phase separation in multiblock copolymers does not impair their mechanical, rheological, and other physicochemical properties due to the fact that each macromolecule passes through a large number of domains. Despite the potential advantages, the widespread use of multiblock copolymers, especially the practically important olefin series, is largely limited by their synthetic availability. The approach of monomers sequential addition under living or controlled polymerization is extremely laborious and is not applicable to all types of monomers. Alternatively, the combination of blocks with functional terminal groups also requires a preliminary synthetic stage and is often difficult in terms of characterizing the structure of macromolecules formed. We propose a new solution to the topical problem of the synthesis of amphiphilic multiblock copolymers, based on the use of a macromolecular cross-metathesis reaction, which makes it possible to obtain macromolecules with a large number of blocks, the average length of which can be tailored by changing the reaction conditions. During this reaction, chain segments are reshuffled between the participating homopolymers via the main-chain double bond exchange that proceeds according to the olefin metathesis mechanism. Interest in this reaction is associated with the ease of implementation of the process compared to other synthesis methods, the ability to combine the cross-metathesis reaction with polymer-analogous transformations, and the possibility of using commercially available monomers and polymers. The development of this trend is directly related to the activity of the project participants. Using polynorbornene - polyalkenamer pairs and their various substituted derivatives as model systems, as well as ruthenium Grubbs’ catalysts of the I and II generations, we were able to obtain a number of new statistical multiblock copolymers and study their thermal and crystalline properties. It was possible to formulate views on the mechanism and kinetics of basic stages of the process for regulating the structure and, as a consequence, the physical and chemical properties of synthesized copolymers.