ИСТИНА

Изучить разнообразие микобиоты при деградации и естественном восстановлении оленьих пастбищ в тундре полуострова Ямал.

The study of mycobiota, saprotrophic soil micromycetes and ground lichenized fungi (lichens) during degradation and natural restoration of deer pastures in the tundra of the Yamal Peninsula was carried out. It has been established that the composition of the mycobiota of the soil of undisturbed and degraded pastures differ significantly. If 22 taxa were isolated from the soil of a good, undisturbed pasture at the level of species and genera, then 13 from the soil of an average undisturbed one, and only 8 taxa were represented in a highly degraded pasture. In the soil of a heavily degraded pasture, the abundance of fungi is lower, many species of the genera Penicillium, Cladosporium, Phoma, Talaromyces, Gliomastix, Umbelopsis, Alternaria, Aureobasidium are not found. The soils of all pastures are characterized by a high abundance and spatial occurrence of species of the genera Penicillium (mainly sections Monoverticillata), Trichoderma (T. viride and T. harzianum), Beauveria bassiana, Umbelopsis vinacea, U. ramanniana, Parengyodontium album, characteristic of soils of the northern regions adapted to growth at low temperatures and acidic reaction of the medium. The diversity of ground lichens in deer pastures amounted to 39 species. Among them, the types of families predominate. Cladoniaceae – 17 and sem. Parmeliaceae – 13 species, as well as genera Stereocaulon – 3 species, Peltigera - 1, Nephroma – 1, Thamnolia – 1, Sphaerophorus – 1. The number of lichen species in pastures of varying degrees of degradation was 16-18 species, and in undisturbed tundra areas - 25. Regardless of the pasture load, Alectoria ochroleuca, Arctocetraria nigricascens, Cladonia arbuscula, C. mitis, C. stygia, Nephromopsis cucullata, N. nivalis are found on the soil. Additional collection of lichen samples in pastures with different grazing intensity is required to assess changes in the composition of lichens. By the method of surface sterilization of thalloma and seeding on media of its fragments from 7 lichen species, 25 strains were isolated that were saprotrophic micromycetes, with the exception of one strain, which may represent the mycobiont of the lichen Cladonia stellaris, a food source for deer. Molecular genetic identification of fungal strains from samples of lichen thallomas and from soils was carried out to clarify their identification by cultural and morphological characteristics.

Коллектив имеет хороший задел в изучении микобиоты почв северных регионов. В его составе высоко квалифицированные специалисты-микологи, имеющие большой опыт в исследовании лихенизированных грибов (лишайников), почвенных грибов, грибов патогенов и ассоциантов растений. Они владеют как классическими, так и современными молекулярно-генетическими методами идентификации грибных организмов, имеют многочисленные экспериментальные статьи как в российских, так и в иностранных журналах по этой проблематике, ими подготовлены методические пособия по выделению и идентификации микроскопических грибов, по определению лишайников, есть опыт работы за полярным кругом, в тундре. Коллектив обладает также необходимой инструментальной базой для решения задач по теме проекта - изучению разнообразия микобиоты с акцентом на лихенизированные грибы (лишайники) при деградации и естественном восстановлении оленьих пастбищ в тундре полуострова Ямал.