Аннотация:We present the first genome-wide study of recent evolution in Culex pipiens
species complex focusing on the genomic extent, functional targets and
likely causes of global and local adaptations. We resequenced pooled samples
of six populations of C. pipiens and two populations of the outgroup Culex
torrentium. We used principal component analysis to systematically study
differential natural selection across populations and developed a phylogenetic
scanning method to analyse admixture without haplotype data. We found
evidence for the prominent role of geographical distribution in shaping
population structure and specifying patterns of genomic selection. Multiple
adaptive events, involving genes implicated with autogeny, diapause and
insecticide resistance were limited to specific populations. We estimate that
about 5–20% of the genes (including several histone genes) and almost half
of the annotated pathways were undergoing selective sweeps in each
population. The high occurrence of sweeps in non-genic regions and in chromatin
remodelling genes indicated the adaptive importance of gene
expression changes. We hypothesize that global adaptive processes in the
C. pipiens complex are potentially associated with South to North range
expansion, requiring adjustments in chromatin conformation. Strong local
signature of adaptation and emergence of hybrid bridge vectors necessitate
genomic assessment of populations before specifying control agents.