Functional role of corpus callosum regions in human memory functioningстатьяТезисы
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 29 мая 2015 г.
Аннотация:Corpus callosum is the main commissure connecting the hemispheres of the brain. It is known, that its size decreases in older age, which results, among everything, in memory decline (Ryberg et al., 2007). Several clinical studies of anterior and posterior corpus callosum region lesions (Saito et al., 2003; Osawa et al., 2006; Saito et al., 2006) may suggest a possible specialization of different corpus callosum areas in memory processes. In the present study we attempted to reveal the role of different corpus callosum regions in memory functioning. Participants in the study were 43 right-ha nded women (60.4 ±16.6 years old). We performed neuropsychological memory tests, based on A.R. Luria's neuropsychological assessment modified by J.M. Glozman (1999). For each memory type we measured memory capacity, permanency and the amount of errors (element replacements, confabulations, contaminations, perseverations, sequence errors). For each subject we measured surface areas of corpus callosum on sagittal MRI slices. Separately we measured the sizes of: 1. Anterior corpus callosum region; 2. Posterior corpus callosum region (anterior and posterior regions were separated on the level of central sulcus); 3. Splenial corpus callosum region. Such division was chosen due to the fact that DTI results (Huang et al., 2005) show, that connections between the frontal lobes of the hemispheres go through the anterior corpus callosum region, temporal and parietal lobes are connected through the posterior corpus callosum region and occipital lobes are connected through the splenial corpus callosum region. We calculated non-parametric correlations (Spearman, p b .01) between individual behavioral and anatomical measurements. Overall corpus callosum size correlates positively with verbal memory capacity (R = .68) and semantic coding test performance (R = .43). Increase of corpus callosum size also results in decrease of errors in visuo-spatial memory test performance (R =− .52). The size of anterior corpus callosum region correlates negatively with the amount of semantic errors in semantic coding test (R =− .39). Increase of posterior corpus callosum region is related to decrease of errors in verbal memory permanency tests (R =− .56). Furthermore, the size of posterior corpus callosum region correlates negatively with the amount of perseverations in visual memory test (R =−.44). Signi ficant correlations were also revealed between splenial corpus callosum region size and ‘ Pictograms’ test performance (R = .42). The revealed patterns demonstrate the role of interhemispheric connections in memory processes. The results suggest rostro-splenial specialization of corpus callosum. Thus, rostral and medial corpus callosum regions mostly determine verbal coding, whereas splenial corpus callosum region is responsible for non-verbal coding in memory.