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Анализ тенденций развития нанообласти с использованием исследовательских проектовстатья
Статья опубликована в журнале из списка RSCI Web of Science
Статья опубликована в журнале из перечня ВАК- Автор: Терехов Александр Иванович
- Журнал: Информационное общество
- Номер: 2
- Год издания: 2009
- Первая страница: 53
- Последняя страница: 62
- Аннотация: There is a wide perception of nanotechnology as the key technology of 21 st century. As regards innovations it is important by the fact that it introduces new goods and creates their new quality, marks the arrival of new methods of production, opens new markets and offers a new source of raw materials supply. Expected commercial and strategic benefits from nanotechnology application are so high, that real competition has started in the world for mastering them. By now more than 60 countries, including Russia, have adopted national nanotechnology initiatives. The article examines the dynamics of world investments into nanotechnologies development, gives comparison of input financial indicators with output scientometric indicators country wise by the example of carbon nanostructures. It shows that state support is capable of stimulating the publishing and inventive activity, formation of commercial industrial base. The basic barriers for nanotechnology commercialization are characterized, which are caused by high uncertainty (especially of "bottom-up" technologies), a considerable time interval from research to commercialization and geometrical growth of required investments, risks for health of people and ecology, etc. The approaches of some countries to overcoming these barriers are shown. Apart from general problems, a number of specific problems and barriers for commercialization are noted for Russia. Some of them are connected with the late start of national nanotechnology programs: absence of accumulated investments, difficulties with creation of modern infrastructure. Others - with economic realities, for example impossibility for small and medium companies to obtain a credit because of their low mortgage value and high cost of bank credits, undeveloped venture financing. Based on the existing practice, estimations of experts, and also historical parallels (for example, with microelectromechanical systems introduction), a conclusion has been made that the process of nanotechnology commercialization and, primarily of its main directions, will not be fast.