Аннотация:The article describes the dramatic events of the beginning of the computer industry in the USSR in 1950-1955, when the ideological struggle against "bourgeois pseudoscience cybernetics" practically stopped the production of computers in the USSR. The graph of the formerly secret report for the leadership of the USSR shows that by the end of 1954 there were 2319 computers of various types in the United States against 10 in the USSR. Recognition of cybernetics as a full-fledged science gave a powerful impetus to the development in the USSR of computer technology and electronics.