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Coupled modeling water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere systemстатья Статья в энциклопедии
- Автор: Olchev A.
- Сборник: UNESCO Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. Hydrological System Modelling
- Том: 2
- Глава в коллективной монографии
- Год издания: 2009
- Место издания: EOLSS Publisher UK
- Первая страница: 71
- Последняя страница: 105
- Аннотация: The chapter summarises the different modelling approaches that have been developed for simulation of H2O and CO2 exchange between soil, vegetation and the atmosphere. The main attention was paid to parameterisations for photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration of leaves, coupling of leaf photosynthesis with stomatal conductance, as well as for scaling procedure from individual leaf up to the entire plant canopy. Additionally, the modelling approaches for description of precipitation, interception and storage by a plant canopy, root water uptake, soil water exchange, and heterotrophic and autotrophic soil respiration were considered, too. Described parameterizations have a different level of complexity (e.g. model dimensionality, number of plant canopy layers), require different amount of input data and may be applied for simulation of the H2O and CO2 fluxes in different temporal (from an hour to years) and spatial (from individual leaf and an ecosystem, to region and the entire globe) scales. A coupling algorithm for H2O and CO2 exchange parameterisation in SVAT models considers the leaf stomatal conductance as a key parameter controlling the diffusion rate of H2O and CO2 between leaves of plants and the ambient air. It is assumed that stomatal conductance depends on biophysical and biochemical properties of the leaves and on environmental conditions (e.g. solar radiation, air temperature, water vapour deficit in the air), and it may be described by a linear function of photosynthesis rate, ambient air CO2 concentration and air humidity. For description of the air humidity control in the models both air relative humidity and water vapour pressure deficit are used. The coupled H2O and CO2 exchange models may be successfully used to describe adequately the spatial and temporal patterns of H2O and CO2 fluxes, to quantify the response of the water and carbon budgets for the different vegetation types to changes of environmental conditions and, especially, to CO2 atmospheric enrichment and global warming.
- Добавил в систему: Ольчев Александр Валентинович