Аннотация:The human organism and the microbiota constantly interact, which implicates exchanging signal and regulatory chemicals. According to recent data, including those obtained by the authors of this brief presentation, the commúnica[ei]tive agents used by the human-microbiota system include neurotransmitters and hórmones such as biogenic amínes (dopamine, norepinehrine, epinephrine) and amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, GABA, -alanine, and taurine). The interaction involving neuromediators is bilateral because (i) the microbiota is strongly influenced by host neurotransmitters and neurohormones that predominantly produce stimulatory effects on it and (ii) the microorganisms release their own neuromediators at concentrations that can exert a significant influence on the whole host organism and especially the brain