Аннотация:Fungi isolated from Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) where radiation dose was from 3 to 5 orders higher than the background radioactivity offered following properties: aggregation of hyphae; oligotrophy; high resistance to oxidative stress due to adaptation to low (0,2%) carbohydrate content in the medium; resistance to an order higher H2O2 concentration than fungi from habitats with background radiation; ability to resume growth after severe oxidative stress (10-2M H2O2); activation of antioxidant enzymes, and increased biosynthesis of melanins in Paecilomyces lilacinus possessing hyaline mycelium. Biochemical characteristics point that adaptation mechanisms to oxidative stress are strain specific. Ability to survive in hostile environment makes these micromycetes perspective models to study evolutionary process of extremophylic fungi.