Место издания:Изд-во Института географии им. В.Б. Сочавы СО РАН Иркутск
Первая страница:99
Последняя страница:102
Аннотация:Contemporary changes in annual flow of large rivers of the European part of Russia (Volga
and Don) and Siberia (Yenisei and Lena) are considered. Its change under the influence of climate and
economic activity was estimated. The assessment was implemented by two methods. In one of them,
the data of water management statistics were used. The other was to restore the natural flow of the last
decades, during which there have been its significant anthropogenic changes, and its comparison with
the anthropogenically modified flow for this period and for the preceding (base) one, when
anthropogenic impact can be neglected. It was revealed that during the period of significant
anthropogenic impact the annual flow of the Volga and Don decreased, and the Yenisei and Lena
increased. Whereas, the Volga and the Don flow changed most noticeably. The Volga flow at
Volgograd during the 1930-2014 decreased by more than 2500 km3 (over 30 km3/year) as compared to the base period and the Don flow at Razdorskaya over these years declined by 600 km3 (about 7 km3 /year). Found that climatic and anthropogenic factors perform either unidirectional, increasing or decreasing the flow of the rivers under consideration, or in opposite directions. The influence of anthropogenic factors, mainly of reservoirs and water consumption, is of the same scale as the influence of climatic factors on the Volga and Don, while on the Yenisei and Lena it is much inferior to the climatic factors. Both anthropogenic and climatic changes of annual runoff on the Volga and Don acted towards its reduction. The share of the first of them in the change of annual flow was more than 36% in the Volga and more than 40% in the Don. The influence of these factors on the Yenisei and Lena flow was not unidirectional. Here the role of climatic factors predominated, being higher almost 4 times in the Yenisei, and more than 20 times in the Lena basin.