Аннотация:The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of inhaled tobramycin as an adjunct to systemic antibiotics in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 50 patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP). The main criterion for efficacy of the treatment was NP resolution. Patients were split into 2 groups: Gr. 1 (n = 25) - addition of inhaled tobramycin (IT) to systemic antibiotics; Gr. 2(n = 25) - switch of systemic antibiotics in accordance to sensitivity. Groups were comparable with respect to basic characteristics. Inhaled tobramycin was administered by nebulizer BID. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package Statistica 7,0 (M, σ, Newman-Keuls test; p < 0,05). Results. The use of IT in the Gr. 1 was clinically effective and the incidence of NP resolution was 84% (vs. 52% in Gr. 2, p = 0,0322). Eradication of pathogens from the sputum was registered in 72% of Gr. 1 patients and in 48% of Gr. 2 patients. In Gr. 1 patients weaning from ventilator was performed earlier than inGr. 2 - 8,2 ± 1,5 days, in Gr. 1 vs. 11,1 ± 2,8 days,in Gr. 2 (p = 0,001). There were no differences in length of stay (Gr. 1 - 12,4 ± 3,3 days, Gr. 2 - 14,2 ± 2,1 days) and mortality (Gr. 1 - 16% (n = 4), Gr. 2 - 12% (n = 3) (p ≥ 0,99)). Conclusions. The use of inhaled tobramycin 300 mg BID is effective as an adjunct to systemic antibiotic therapy for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in patients with abdominal surgical infection and promotes faster resolution of nosocomial pneumonia and the earlier transfer of patients with spontaneous breathing.