Аннотация:This article is a scientific study written within the theory of translation, the comparative analysis of the Russian and Spanish languages. The article highlights the difficulties faced by the translator in transmitting into Russian of some neologisms that are widely used in the Spanish press due to their reflection of relevant processes and transformations both in the world and within one country or region, for example, the Latin American region. The research material are the words-candidates, as well as the winners of the “Word of the Year” contest, which is held annually (since 2013in Spain) by the non-profit organization Fundación Fundéu in collaboration with the Real Academia Española and other organizations, their activities are directed to purify and improve the language of the Spanish media. The author raises the problem of the formation and functioning of neologisms in speech, and also gives examples of some new words that present particular difficulty in transmitting into Russian. The text gives examples of neologisms and their analogues in the translated language, which confirm the fact that any language is a living structure that immediately reflects all changes that occur in any area of human activity. The material of the study are the articles of such Spanish daily publications as “El País” or “El Mundo”, as well as explanatory dictionaries, dictionaries of neologisms of the Spanish language and articles for Spanish journalists published by the Fundación Fundéu.